Lugano is on the other side of the Alps, and everything about this transfer is decided by how you get through them. The Gotthard road tunnel is the direct answer and it is also a single bore with a queue that is a national institution — hours long on a Friday, on a Sunday, and on either side of every holiday.
The published drive time assumes a clear run. A dispatcher planning a Lugano transfer does not assume a clear run; they check, and where the queue is forming they route over the San Bernardino instead, which is longer on paper and frequently faster in fact.
